Hangzhou Oil Refinery Factory Park China, New Zhejiang Building Design, Chinese Architecture Images
Hangzhou Oil Refinery Factory Park
15 May 2023
Energy-neutral cultural park showcases fossil-free future: MVRDV transforms Hangzhou Oil Refinery Factory
Design Architect: MVRDV
Location: Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
image : MVRDV
Hangzhou Oil Refinery Factory Park, Zhejiang
Rotterdam, May 15th 2023 – MVRDV has won the competition to design the Hangzhou Oil Refinery Factory Park, transforming a former industrial district that sits alongside the southern end of China’s Grand Canal. With an eye-catching art and science museum at its centre, the project includes offices, retail, and a wide variety of cultural experiences set in a green environment interwoven with the remnants of the past.
An eye-catching art and science museum sits at the centre of the park, interwoven with the remnants of the former oil refinery
images © Engram
The Grand Canal – the world’s longest and one of the oldest man-made waterways – was, in part, constructed to strengthen economic connections between the south and the north of China. Currently, China is taking steps to transform the Grand Canal along its entire length, turning this industrial infrastructure into a social amenity by allowing access to, and enjoyment of, the water to millions of people that live along the canal’s 1,700-kilometre length.
The design aims to show the potential of industrial-to-cultural transformations along the length of the Grand Canal
Hangzhou is positioned at the canal’s southern extent, and the roughly 18-hectare site, formerly occupied by an oil refinery, is emblematic of the canal’s history. Today, the factory has closed, and most of the structures that once occupied the site have been demolished, although a number of large refinery buildings and some oil storage drums remain. With the canal’s future in mind MVRDV’s design, developed in collaboration with Openfabric, aims to show the potential of industrial-to-cultural transformations. In addition, the design heavily integrates renewable energy sources to serve as a prime example of the transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy.
image : MVRDV
The Art and Sci-tech Centre, with its multi-functional permeable façade of LEDs and small solar panels, serves as the eye-catching centrepiece of the park
picture : MVRDV
The centrepiece of the park is the Art and Sci-tech Centre, a new museum which, with its cylindrical exterior, is imagined as a vastly scaled-up version of the silos which once peppered the site. The simple form of the exterior conceals a highly complex interior: atop a circular exhibition hall that is partially buried below ground level, an off-kilter stack of long, rectangular boxes house artists’ studios, offices, and commercial spaces. The tops of the boxes form a series of terraces, connected by stairs and bridges, that serve to enliven this public area within the museum, enabling performances, large-scale installations, or events.
The museum’s simple exterior form conceals a complex interior, with an off-kilter stack of long, rectangular boxes that house artists’ studios, offices, and commercial spaces
render : MVRDV
The outer façade of the museum is permeable, allowing breezes to penetrate the structure. The space inside is thus heated and cooled passively, fluctuating slightly in temperature depending on weather conditions but serving as a thermal buffer to dramatically reduce the energy required to fully heat and cool the building’s programmed spaces inside the boxes.
image : MVRDV
With its appearance, the façade also cements the building’s status as the focal point of the park. Covered in an array of LEDs, the museum lights up at night to create a media façade that can be used to entertain visitors or to advertise the events taking place inside. In addition to these lights, the façade also incorporates thousands of small photovoltaic spots to generate energy from sunlight. These spots form a “solar painting” that was designed with a parametric approach, considering the solar exposure, prevailing winds, and most notable views to place a higher density of photovoltaics where they are most needed.
Throughout the plan, many structures that were previously demolished are recreated with a modern approach, with glass façades that integrate photovoltaic spots
images © Engram
“As a planet, we know we need to move on from oil on a massive scale”, says MVRDV founding partner Winy Maas. “But that raises the question, what should we do with all this infrastructure that was created? It is somehow, at the same time, tempting to make a clean break with history, and romantic to imagine a future where we build upon the ruins of the past. With this project we do both: we incorporate the old industrial structures, while newly built elements – which are clearly distinguishable from the old – show us a better, more sustainable future. The old ‘fossils’ turn into energetic drums.”
The park comprises a parametric forest, with remnants of the former oil silos – either transformed, reconstructed, or merely suggested by paving – scattered throughout
In the remainder of the park, existing structures are kept and transformed into offices or retail spaces. Many of the structures that have already been demolished are recreated with a modern approach – taking the same dimensions as the previous structures, but built with glass and using the same photovoltaic spots that are used on the museum’s façade. In the southeast of the site, a cluster of new office buildings completes the masterplan’s programme. By turning every newly built building surface also into an energy generator, the park can become energy-negative in operation, contributing energy to the grid.
images © MIR
“The park’s natural elements are designed as a parametric forest, with criteria such as a species’ contribution to shading the surroundings, food production, or biodiversity algorithmically determining its placement in the park’s forest landscape; a new symbiosis”, adds Maas.
The various programmes of the masterplan, from the new museum to the catalogue of uses for the refinery’s many silos, keep the park lively at all times, even after dark
images © MIR
The towers of the refinery buildings are retained and integrated into the park’s landscape, with stairs and platforms providing views across the park. The proposal also develops a catalogue of possible uses for the site’s many silos – some transformed from the original structures, some reconstructed, and some merely suggested by circles of paving where they originally stood. From immersive art experiences to retail kiosks to enclosed gardens, these structures help to keep the park lively at all times, ensuring that there is always something to do even after dark.
The clients of the project are Hangzhou Grand Canal Protection Development and Construction Group and Hangzhou Chenxiang Industrial Heritage Comprehensive Protection and Development Co. Ltd.
images © Engram
Hangzhou Oil Refinery Factory Park – Building Information
Project Name: Hangzhou Oil Refinery Factory Park
Location: Hangzhou, China
Year: 2023
Client: Hangzhou Grand Canal Protection Development and Construction Group; Hangzhou
Chenxiang Industrial Heritage Comprehensive Protection and Development Co. Ltd.
Size and Programme: 17-Hectare masterplan (Art and sci-tech centre, Offices, retail, public park)
Credits
Architect: MVRDV
Founding Partner in charge: Winy Maas
Partner: Wenchian Shi
Design Team: Kyo Suk Lee, Cosimo Scotucci, Yunxi Guo, Americo Iannazzone, Shushen
Zhang, Gioele Colombo, Kefei Yan, Samuel Tam, Jiani You, Alexander Da Costa Gomez,
Ming Kong, Kevin Zhao, Sean Wang
Visualisations: Antonio Luca Coco, Lorenzo d’Alessandro, Luana La Martina, Pavlos
Ventouris, Jaroslaw Jeda, Angelo La Delfa, Marco Fabri, Stefania Trozzi
Strategy and Development: Jammy Zhu
Copyright: MVRDV Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs, Nathalie de Vries
Partners:
Landscape Architect: Openfabric
Structural engineer, Building Physics, and Environmental advisor: Buro Happold
Visualisations: © MVRDV, © Engram, © MIR
Hangzhou Oil Refinery Factory Park, China images / information received 250423 from MVRDV Architects, NL
Location: Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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